Table 6
Observed and adjusted differences with childhood immigrants in the skilled-worker class in high-school graduation, university completion and earnings
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| Business class | Live-in caregiver class | Family class | Government-assisted refugees | Privately sponsored refugees | Refugees landed in Canada | Other refugees and humanitarian class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| percentage points | |||||||
| High-school graduation | |||||||
| Observed difference | 1.6 | -2.9 | -7.8 | -5.1 | -4.9 | -4.8 | -6.7 |
| Adjusted difference | 2.4 | -0.1 | -5.8 | -1.3 | -1.7 | -3.5 | -2.7 |
| "Explained" portion | -0.8 | -2.8 | -2.0 | -3.8 | -3.2 | -1.3 | -4.0 |
| percent | |||||||
| Relative contribution to the "explained" portion | |||||||
| Demographic | Note ...: not applicable | -27.7 | -27.3 | -4.0 | 3.5 | -29.9 | -23.3 |
| Language | Note ...: not applicable | 11.2 | 5.4 | 13.0 | 17.4 | 25.9 | 7.2 |
| Source region | Note ...: not applicable | 71.6 | 39.8 | 29.7 | -29.7 | 65.5 | 53.6 |
| Parents' earnings | Note ...: not applicable | 6.1 | 16.8 | -13.5 | 4.6 | -31.7 | 14.3 |
| Parents' education | Note ...: not applicable | 38.1 | 45.8 | 34.7 | 48.0 | 72.5 | 34.8 |
| Parents' language | Note ...: not applicable | -1.2 | 17.0 | 38.6 | 53.6 | -6.5 | 12.3 |
| Source-country GDP | Note ...: not applicable | 2.0 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 2.7 | 4.1 | 1.1 |
| percentage points | |||||||
| University completion | |||||||
| Observed difference | 9.2 | -30.7 | -28.4 | -21.0 | -18.0 | -20.3 | -23.9 |
| Adjusted difference | 7.4 | -17.0 | -18.9 | -7.9 | -7.6 | -13.4 | -12.1 |
| "Explained" portion | 1.8 | -13.7 | -9.5 | -13.1 | -10.5 | -6.9 | -11.8 |
| percent | |||||||
| Relative contribution to the "explained" portion | |||||||
| Demographic | Note ...: not applicable | 9.0 | -4.8 | -10.0 | -11.8 | 6.4 | -10.2 |
| Language | Note ...: not applicable | 1.4 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 3.8 | 1.3 |
| Source region | Note ...: not applicable | 58.0 | 49.2 | 40.0 | 8.4 | 31.6 | 51.0 |
| Family market income | Note ...: not applicable | 3.1 | 9.9 | -2.5 | 7.0 | -2.5 | 12.5 |
| Parents' education | Note ...: not applicable | 22.7 | 25.6 | 27.0 | 35.2 | 50.1 | 28.3 |
| Parents' language | Note ...: not applicable | -0.8 | 11.4 | 36.2 | 47.3 | -5.4 | 12.0 |
| Source-country GDP | Note ...: not applicable | 6.6 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 11.3 | 16.1 | 5.0 |
| log points | |||||||
| Earnings | |||||||
| Observed difference | -0.026 | -0.278 | -0.145 | -0.116 | -0.049 | -0.314 | -0.209 |
| Adjusted difference | -0.024 | -0.102 | -0.019 | -0.022 | -0.027 | -0.086 | -0.021 |
| "Explained" portion | -0.002 | -0.176 | -0.125 | -0.095 | -0.022 | -0.228 | -0.189 |
| percent | |||||||
| Relative contribution to the "explained" portion | |||||||
| Demographic | Note ...: not applicable | 32.9 | -30.6 | -45.8 | Note ...: not applicable | 34.4 | 18.1 |
| Language | Note ...: not applicable | 2.1 | 0.9 | 5.0 | Note ...: not applicable | 1.7 | 1.3 |
| Source region | Note ...: not applicable | -32.6 | -1.4 | -30.4 | Note ...: not applicable | -1.6 | 3.7 |
| Family market income | Note ...: not applicable | 2.4 | 12.4 | 38.4 | Note ...: not applicable | 19.4 | 13.6 |
| Parents' education | Note ...: not applicable | -17.5 | -18.9 | -36.5 | Note ...: not applicable | -13.0 | -16.9 |
| Parents' language | Note ...: not applicable | -0.3 | 4.9 | 28.0 | Note ...: not applicable | -0.7 | 4.1 |
| Source-country GDP | Note ...: not applicable | 13.1 | 14.0 | 22.1 | Note ...: not applicable | 9.7 | 7.2 |
| Education | Note ...: not applicable | 55.5 | 72.3 | 67.2 | Note ...: not applicable | 25.6 | 37.3 |
| Occupation | Note ...: not applicable | 44.5 | 46.3 | 51.9 | Note ...: not applicable | 24.5 | 31.7 |
|
... not applicable Notes: GDP stands for gross domestic product. The difference between the observed difference and the adjusted difference may not correspond to the value shown for the explained portion because of rounding. Source: Statistics Canada, authors' calculations based on data from the 2011 National Household Survey and Immigrant Landing File linkage. |
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